Allergies

What are allergies?

Allergies are the body’s reaction to a normally harmless substance. When your child comes in contact with an allergen, their immune system — the body’s natural defense mechanism — tries to fight off what it perceives as an invader by releasing proteins called antibodies. This reaction can lead to significant symptoms, such as wheezing, coughing, and skin rashes.

What are the different types of allergies?

There are many different types of allergies, including:

Pollen

Seasonal allergies are a response to pollen, which causes inflammation in the lining inside of your nose and eyes. Sneezing, congestion, and itchy or watery eyes are common symptoms of a pollen allergy.

Insect bites

While mild redness and swelling are common after an insect bite, an allergic reaction is more severe. The bite location may appear extremely swollen, and your child can experience hives, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.

Latex

Latex is a usually harmless material. If your child experiences any redness, itching, or wheezing after contact with latex, they may have an allergy.

Food

Your child can develop a specific antibody that releases when they eat certain foods. Symptoms of food allergies can be severe and often require emergency medical attention. Common food allergies in children include soy, peanuts, milk, and shellfish.

Pet dander

Proteins in your pet’s skin and saliva can trigger an allergic reaction that causes congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and eye irritation.

What causes allergies?

While scientists don’t know exactly why some children develop allergies and others don’t, certain factors can raise your child’s risk, including:

• A family history of allergies
• Eczema
• Asthma

Existing allergies also increase your child’s risk of developing new allergies. For example, if your child is allergic to almonds, they may also be allergic to hazelnuts.

What are the treatments for allergies?

The most effective treatment for allergies is allergen avoidance. However, your pediatrician may also recommend medications, such as oral pills, eye drops, or nasal sprays to minimize your child’s symptoms.

If your child has severe allergies, your doctor may recommend carrying an epinephrine shot at all times. This emergency injection can help minimize serious allergy symptoms, such as anaphylaxis — a life-threatening allergic reaction that can significantly reduce your child’s ability to breathe.

To learn more about allergies, call Garland Pediatric Practice today or schedule an appointment online.